Construction of the soft parts library

Domain Analysis
From software engineering point of view, the domain is proposed to target software application problems and background knowledge required. The main task of domain analysis is similar for individual or family domain, the goal of software reuse, exploring and mining family in the domain or domain to the multiple target software system software components shared, and structured them to prepare for re-organization . Domain analysis and requirements analysis activities similarities, they are directly based on application software project development activities in the field, and to complete the different levels of domain modeling task. However, domain analysis must have a broader perspective than the demand: not only serve the current software projects, and projects from the fields of history found in software projects the commonality and differences between, and to look at the same or similar applications future software projects.



The figure shows the domain analysis activities, the main input and output items, and control participants. Domain analysis of the input information can be obtained from a variety of channels: technical documentation, the completed projects of similar software (including source code, design documentation, test programs, user manuals, etc.), user review, expert advice, user needs, and current software project feedback information over the domain features. Domain analysis activities are generally the domain analysts, support staff and experts in the field of coordination to complete. Domain analysis methods and their management mechanism introduced under the control of the results of domain analysis activities, information - a generalized domain model (concepts and entities in the domain package classification methods), software development standards (including requirements analysis and software solution framework software development standards, coding standards, interface standards, etc.), and features for the characterization domain, domain objects, operations and relations domain language.
As the domain analysis and demand analysis are to build applications for the main task of the model, therefore, some of the needs analysis technology can play a role in the process of domain analysis, requirements description language (data flow diagram, entity - relationship diagram, object-oriented describe the mechanism of demand, etc.) can be used as the basis for a domain language. However, domain analysis must be generalized, abstract and parameterized in order after the abstract domain model elements of different software projects, said the same domain the similarity between, characterized by differences in parameters instantiated to achieve the domain model element for different software projects adaptability and flexibility. Thus, in omitting the technical details of the modeling, the domain analysis process can be broadly summarized the following steps:
(1) identify and describe reusable entity;
(2) of these questions and their relationship to abstraction, generalization and parameterization;
(3) classification of reusable entities, grouped for future reuse.
In addition to the results shown in the domain, the domain analysis can be reused to produce a super-structure to manage software projects in the follow-up to the various development stages of the possibility of software reuse, and the collection of statistical data on various types of reuse activities. These data can be fed back to the domain analysis method for continuous improvement. Super-structure in the reuse, software component library management staff to retrieve and extract the soft parts, soft parts personnel responsible for software quality control and standardization of components, reuse and reuse the administrator will collect statistical data related to coordinate all of the reuse activities.
The development of soft parts
Domain analysis of the results of the selection of the soft parts to provide the guiding principles. Once some of the software should be used as reusable components by adding parts library, developers have to actually construct them. As the soft parts of the life-cycle development projects and even across applications, therefore, the development of the soft parts are quite special, that is, how to make software components more general and easier to assemble a new software system, and in the new operating environment the next show better robustness?
Code-level reuse is the simplest and the most popular. However, the book includes not only the soft parts of the code-level components, but also cover the domain knowledge, requirements analysis documents, design documents, test plan, test cases and other software elements, because the soft parts of these levels is expected to play better reuse technology potential for code-level reuse is also a necessary complement.
1. Requirements and design-level software components
Demand level of soft parts usually include questions (and sub-problems) describes the domain knowledge and the corresponding requirements specification. Description of the problem and domain knowledge description language are indicated with a domain, if necessary, supplemented by the results of natural language.
Similarly, design-level software components, including design specifications (fragment), describe the design decisions and the corresponding design documents (such as the overall design scheme, the abstract algorithm). Thus, design-level software class software components and demand combine to make the demand-level components and design level reuse of components simultaneously, simplifying the understanding of these soft parts and assembly process.
Demand level and design level software components, development must follow the following two principles:
(1) The application of soft parts and soft parts of the context of strict separation;
(2) the use of abstraction, parameterization means of extracting public, increase the soft part of the future adaptability to different application projects.
Demand level, design level and code-level software components combined with code-level software components contribute to the extraction and understanding. With higher levels of abstraction is expected to improve the reuse efficiency of soft parts, because it can not reuse the code, and can demand models and design reuse.
2. Code-level software components
Code-level reuse is by far the most in-depth study, the most widely used Reuse. In addition to code-level software component that contains the usual code, it also must be accompanied by the appropriate interpretation and context description. The Help can be structured natural language description or other representation mechanism, but it is best to design the appropriate requirements or the form of soft parts. Traditionally, code-level software components is the main subroutine (function or procedure). Now, thanks to object-based and object-oriented programming language and development environment for the development of corresponding soft parts can also be used Ada program and C + + class implementation.
Development of code-level software components and the usual programming The main difference is that developers must use a variety of abstract tools to find commonality, separation of the soft parts of the application context, function and behavior, to improve reusability. The following three abstract methods can be used to develop software components:
(1) functional abstraction: the function of soft parts in the instructions from the interface to input - output relationship to determine the details of the soft parts of the user to achieve transparency.
(2) Data transparency: on the basis of the abstract in the functional addition to further hide all data outside interface parameters.






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GPS clock synchronization

HJ210-CDMA NTP network time server

------ Easy to install a network time server

Outline

The communication line of various communications equipment or computer equipment, the time information (date when minutes and seconds) based on UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) time limited error range is small enough, this synchronization process is called synchronization. Computer time clock used to record the event information, such as E-MAIL messages, file creation and access time, the database processing time. If the computer clock inaccurate, then many of these applications will not work. Time-sensitive computer systems, such as the financial industry server, EDI, large-scale distributed commercial databases, such as aerospace control computer must have accurate time information.

CDMA network operators need high-precision time synchronization. To this end, each CDMA base stations are equipped with GPS or Compass synchronization and time in UTC to synchronize base station equipment and base stations of CDMA users within the scope of services. Meanwhile, the base station with the satellite signal monitoring capabilities and high-precision time keeping function of time can provide a reliable guarantee accuracy.

HJ210-CDMA is a company designed a self-developed high-performance rack-mount NTP network time server, the product integrates a CDMA receiver module and high-performance industrial motherboard, network access through CDMA UTC time information, can be very facilitate the deployment of CDMA signals in any place, especially for the deployment of outdoor GPS antenna in the convenient layout of network communications engine room. In addition, because the CDMA antenna conveniently placed indoors, the weather can completely eliminate lightning damage to equipment.

HJ210-CDMA equipment with efficient Linux systems, with four independent 10M/100M Ethernet ports, respectively in different segments of the IP address configured so that multiple users can share a different business network time server. The product also supports NTP V1 ~ V4 (RFC1119 & 1305), SNTP4.0 (RFC 2030), MD5 Authentication (RFC 1321), Telnet (RFC854), FTP (RFC959) and other agreements, while the product management software with the Windows graphical interface can be remote management, configuration, monitoring server running.

The product overall system power consumption, with no fan design, operation stable and reliable for computer networks, computer applications, process control management system, e-commerce systems, online B2B system and database system preservation and maintenance standards for precision time signal and time stamp services for the telecommunications, finance, electricity, transport, industry and national defense fields.

Technical Features

Support Agreement:

NTP v1, v2, v3, v4 (RFC1119 & 1305) agreement

NTP Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast, Manycast

SNTP [RFC1769] protocol

TIME [RFC868]

DAYTIME [RFC867] SNTP4.0 (RFC 2030)

MD5 Authentication (RFC 1321)

SSH / SCP (Internet Draft) Protocol

SNMP V1 V2 protocol

MIB II (RFC1213)

RSA asymmetric encryption algorithm

Telnet (RFC854) protocols

DHCP (RFC2131) protocol

FTP (RFC959) protocols

IPV4, IPV6, Ipv6 Hybrid Protocol

CDMA network clock reference model, a network time server

Windows graphical interface, remote configuration, management and monitoring

High brightness VFD LCD display time, network cards status, work status, and information systems

Physical isolation of each other with four independent 10/100Base-T network port, four ports can be configured to use a flexible, can be used in a growing dynamic network environment; also be used for different subnets or different physical isolation network. In addition, NTP can also be used as a gateway to use, so four times the physical isolation of the network share server resources.

Efficient embedded Linux systems, high-performance industrial motherboard, shock, no hard drive, fanless design, stable and reliable, MTBF> 80000 灏忔椂

Support WINDOWS9X, WINDOWS NT/2000/XP/2003/vista, LINUX, UNIX, SUN SOLARIS, IBM AIX and other operating system that supports the standard NTP protocol routers, switches and other network equipment

A variety of configuration, use the Console mode, Telnet, windows remote and SSH for remote management, configuration and upgrade

Network management protocol supports SNMP V1, V2 protocol

Detailed logging, time synchronization events can be recorded

Multiple operating modes to prevent the interruption of regular service:

CDMA reference source operating modes: default mode, get UTC time from the CDMA network.

From the NTP mode: can be set from the upstream NTP server or peer to take time. (Or taken by IRIG-B time code signal)

A wide range of CDMA coverage, signal strength, easy to install

Outdoor antenna without layout, you can completely eliminate the damage of equipment lightning weather







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Why do we need SAS?

I think that Fibre Channel is SCSI serial implementation, why should it use the SAS?

Good question. Many server vendors have never used the disk fiber channel, mainly due to the Fibre Channel components may be more expensive than parallel SCSI; the same time, SCSI can be used on the motherboard, and Fibre Channel can not. Because of costs, suppliers need to be more expensive and high-performance serial execution (based on performance considerations, and did not choose Serial ATA), then SAS or Serial Attached SCSI technology came into being. Therefore, the use of SAS reason is price, because in this way to be cheaper than Fibre Channel; but SAS's performance and transmission distance will strike some discount.







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VEGAS 5.0 audio Getting Started - Purchase of hardware for your

Here are all beginners should learn to participate in beginner, amateur recording point out, so the outset that my hardware is recommended for this application level, and act very professional audio applications, please visit some of the professional website, not here to make a very professional Recommended introduced.

First recommendation is that the microphone, the microphone is generally based on principle of moving coil and the condenser microphone into, you have to remember is that dynamic microphones sensitivity worse, point to very strong advantage is that the requirements of the environment is relatively quiet lower. High sensitivity condenser microphone to capture sharp details, the relatively high number of environmental requirements, very small voice easily recorded (flashlight microphone with a single point, heart-shaped point and multi-point, etc.).

As an amateur I think the purchase of cost-effective recording microphone on the line, recorded sound is handled well, out with good results. Microphone closer it gets to the smaller difference between high-priced properties, often spend a lot of money can only improve the quality of the limited recording, there is no other equipment not work also reflects excellent performance microphone. Recommendation on the market a JBL M90 microphone, frequency response curve is quite good, full sound quality transparent, recorded human voice is quite good, the market for just 200 yuan or so, I have this microphone recorded two years ago, original works sample, If you pass up easy listening, pay attention to other Maidaojiahuo. If you want professional for more than 1,000 yuan can buy earthquake membrane condenser microphone, please look at some other sites related to professional audio description.

Second recommendation is to pre-amplifier (the words up), this price varies widely, with hundreds of, but also tens of thousands, and expensive, not only would release, and also with other constraints such as hardware, such as pressure effects . Of course, you pay for.

I think if you love recording, and higher quality requirements of the recording, then buy more than 1000 yuan a professional, then put enough money spent, if the request is not very high, then proposed to the home karaoke machine as a preamp reverb OK also still can, you can save money. Not the kind of house you can buy a cheap reverb Kara OK machine (when recording only with his pre-amplification, all the other features like reverb, etc. all closed, to ensure a clean record is not out of rendering of the sound), as long as the current pre-amplifier section is not sound, amplified signal true on the line, the general market to sell 200 to 300.

Final recommendation is that the audio interface, I've been using the innovative SB LIVE! Sound card, used for many years, only recently spent 4,000 yuan to buy a piece of professional audio interface, feeling deep. Innovation is the SB LIVE! 5.1 selling for 350 yuan or so, although the sound quality is not good, but quite well, especially after the conversion and the KX-driven thousands of cards as competent professionals to live, recording quality and audio performance would be enhanced ASIO and GSIF support professional driver, an amateur production of both the MIDI music and sound recordings are fully good enough, and good compatibility of multimedia applications, and professional audio card, the main difference is the recording and playback sound quality on most people's ears and listen equipment does not sound too obvious, the most cost-effective, hematemesis recommended!

Hardware on these basic enough, like the microphone stand, audio line of what I do not speak more, and buy good quality on the line.

This lesson is very easy right, class.

Please listen to the next section, "recorded instance of the hardware operations,"






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Corel TEXTURE probe density (b)

11. Next, we look at how the work surface. Click the layer order of the top layer, right side of the dialog box will become the surface the Options dialog box (Figure 12). This layer controls the texture details of the part of the combined effects of shading light layer of control. The control options are four, namely Roughness - roughness, Brilliance - gloss, Metallicity - metallic, Graininess - particles. Move the slider to observe the changes in the preview window. Click the dialog box above the drop-down menu, you can choose an existing model. Here, we will Roughness set 0.11, Graininess 0.05.



12. Let us look at lighting effects. Click on the surface of the three small light bulbs, adjusting the light dialog box. The role of these bulbs illuminated the surface texture. Click the corresponding 1,2,3 bulb switch, you can choose to open or close the source. Although in general we do not need special lighting we can clearly see the texture, (everything has exceptions, when you see the next step we will "shape and structure" dialog box to add except "Flat" other than form, or any edge, we need the support of at least one light source), but adding high-light and dark in tone, the more light will play a role. Mobile Ambient slider to change the light intensity. Move the pointer will change the light source position, from the color panel, drag the pointer on the color can change the lighting color. (Figure 13)



13. This is the control of the formation of the final texture - the shape and structure. This layer is in the order of the bottom layer. In this layer, you can add a variety of forms for the texture. Corel TEXTURE 10 has increased to eight kinds of texture patterns, which is quite rich! You can also add texture edge effect of varying degrees of relief. On the part of the specific details, we will be on the "Advanced Texture" section of the discussion, we simply maintain the original look. However, if a light source in the previous step with no choice, here's effects can not be achieved. Different light, great impact on the texture patterns. (Figure 14)



14. Now, you probably already have these layers of understanding, which is the texture image preview window into the time. In the Corel TEXTURE top of the screen menu bar and select Texture / Render to Window, the texture of a full preview will appear. This preview is when you save and export the final image, if satisfied, select the Texture / Render to File, the dialog box, select the export file path and image formats, you can choose to bmp, jpg, pcx, tga, tif five format to apply to different needs. Congratulations! The first texture has been born! (Figure 15)



15. In this texture will be applied to business cards before the last one still work to be done. Remember in the choice of texture resolution, we retained the default 72dpi it? We eventually hope to achieve business card size is 3.62 X 2.12 inches, a resolution of 200dpi, under 200 X 3.62 = 724,200 X 2.12 = 424, so we 72dpi resolution, the length and width of the texture are set to 724 pixels and 424 pixels. Now just in Corel PHOTO-PAINT (or other bitmap handler) to open the texture file you saved, select the Image / Resample command to adjust the texture size.

When the image size command dialog box appears on the screen, you will see in the image size of the column 10.0555 and 5.88889 inches, because a resolution of 72dpi's sake. Check the "Maintain aspect ratio" (to maintain aspect ratio) and Maintain original size (to keep original image size) option, the resolution to 200, then the screen will appear that we want the number - 3.62,2.12 . In this way, change the resolution, you can prepare to this pair of texture applied to your images to a. (Figure 16)



In fact, Corel TEXTURE, in the end we save the image before, you can File / Image Setup command to change the image resolution. However, there are only three resolutions to choose from, so we prefer to use the methods described earlier to achieve the objective.

If you convert between pixels and inches do not understand the words out, as long as the steps we have just used will not be out any errors. In the beginning we create a new texture, the resolution had been identified. For example, if a resolution of 200dpi, you want to get a 5 X 7-inch image, then you enter 1000 X 1400, in the texture into a file, use software replacement bitmap size, the change resolution before select "keep file size" option, then the resolution to 200dpi on it.

These are the basis of usage of Corel TEXTURE, with these simple steps, you can easily generate the thousands of kinds of texture. If you are not satisfied with creating these stones, wood texture, then the following we will discuss is how to use Corel TEXTURE to create a more realistic effect. Here we are coming into some advanced topics.




[Next]



1. Run Corel PHOTO-PAINT, CorelDRAW comes with a third Open CD-ROM, select the path Photos/Pets/891005.wi, open this puppy picture. (Figure 17)



2. Application of the replacement image size command in the image size in proportion to the image reduced to 50%, then the image size is 338 X 507 pixels, click OK.

3. Once again run the image size command, the choice of the "Keep Original Size", will be from the original resolution of 72dpi to 200dpi, the image saved as dog.tif.

4. Open the Corel TEXTURE, new blank texture (Figure 18).



5. From the File menu, select "Image Setup" command, unit Pixels, resolution of 72 pixels / inch, width and height were 338 and 507 pixels. (Figure 19)



6. Now, you can add texture effect of this picture. In the default case, started with the screen on the shape and structure of the layer dialog box. In Algorithm select Bump Map (Figure 20).



7. Click No Picture button and select a picture from then pop up dialog box, choose the path we have just saved dog.tif, note the file type to select the TIFF 24-bit (*. tif). If you do not see the texture effect, on the left click on Stretch the first button, then click the third, so that the texture effect is appear in the preview window. Mobile Height slider, select the appropriate relief height (Figure 21).



8. Click the lighting level will be open all three light sources, lighting effects enhanced. You can also redefine the light source position. (Figure 22)






[Next]



9. Now we come to see the effect. Select Texture / Render to Window, open the image preview, and now the image, like a cast of lead, which can not work. We have to make some, it becomes more attractive. (Figure 23)



10. Back to the texture window, click the shading layer, from the Algorithm drop-down menu, select "Picture", click No Picture button, again loading dog.tif, from the preview window you can see the image change (Figure 24), will now be saved as tif format texture image (Figure 25).





This relief effect can make your image interesting changes occurred. If you choose to use magic texture Logo started this relief effect, options let you choose a picture (usually a logo) to. After trying this method, I found both the images start from a ready-made, or from the use of magic to create a basic background, and texture, can have more control options to create different textures. Upon the completion of a background, we can use in the Bump Map to create a relief effect bitmap.



Let us continue to fulfill our business cards now! From CorelDRAW comes with the second CD, select a CDR format clip art (Figure 26), to convert it to a TIF format, grayscale images, and then put it in the wood just created in the image of the Bump Map (Figure 27). Here, we do not like just did this again in the shade level grayscale. Finally, Corel Photo-Paint then add some text in the image, this card and you're done. (Figure 28)





Now, I hope you have love on the Corel TEXTURE. You will find, to create an exquisite texture is no longer a headache to do, the only restricted, I am afraid only of your imagination! .






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The third lesson to pull the shadows to take the object
This course describes the pull to take the object, how to take the same time pull the shadow of the object. You will be able to:
* How to hide the constituency lines;
* Draw and edit objects in the shadow of the internal and external constituencies;
* The shaded image;
* Test results.


Pull the shadows to take

1. The input file.
1. Click the menu FILEOPEN;
2. The search process in accordance with the directory;
3. Double-click the folder TUTORIAL FILESKNOCKOUT PROJECTS;
4. Double-click the file SHADOW.CKO;
5. Click the menu VIEWHIDE ALL.
2. Draw the shadow of an internal constituency.
1. Click on the "shadow of the internal" constituency tools;
2. Along the contour line drawn in the shadow of the internal constituency lines.
When crossed, we should hide behind objects in the foreground shadows are also included;


The correct method of drawing
3. If you want to add, or delete constituency lines, combined with SHIFT key and the ALT key. Press DELETE key will delete
In addition to all the constituencies line.
3. Draw the shadow of external constituencies.
1. Click on the Tools disk external constituencies tools;
2. Along the contour line, in the shadow of the external contour line drawing constituency. Methods with shadow draw lines within the constituency.


The correct method of drawing

3. If you want to add, or delete constituency lines, combined with SHIFT key and the ALT key. Press DELETE key will delete
In addition to all the constituencies line.
Future steps we all know, I do not introduced. If in doubt, refer to the first lesson of this tutorial. Here's the time to show action in accordance with the above, just pull the shadows to take the object, you also need to pull shadow before taking the knowledge learned will be used before the prospect of never taking an object to pull.

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